Dr. John S Pemberton

Dr. John S Pemberton. 1831-1888 age 57He was an American pharmacist who is best known as the inventor of Coca-Cola. In May 1886, he developed an early version of a beverage that would later become world-famous as Coca-Cola but sold his rights to the drink shortly before his de He invented Coca Cola on 8th May 1886 in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr Pemberton tried it out on customers at his local chemist, Jacobs’ Pharmacy, where it proved so popular it immediately went on sale at five cents a glass. Pemberton was born on in Knoxville, Georgia, and spent most of his childhood in Rome, Georgia, United States. His parents were James C. Pemberton and Martha L. Gant. He entered the Reform Medical College of Georgia in Macon, Georgia, and in 1850, at the age of nineteen, he earned his medical degree. His main talent was chemistry. Shortly thereafter, he met Ann Eliza Clifford Lewis of Columbus, Georgia, known to her friends as “Cliff”, who had been a student at the Wesleyan College in Macon. They were married in Columbus in 1853. Their only child, Charles Ney Pemberton, was born in 1854. They lived in a Victorian cottage, the Pemberton House in Columbus, a home of historic significance which was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 28, 1971.After initially practicing some medicine and surgery, Dr. Pemberton opened a drug store in Columbus. During the American Civil War, Pemberton served in the Third Cavalry Battalion of the Georgia State Guard, which was at that time a component of the Confederate Army. He achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel. In April 1865, Dr. Pemberton sustained a saber wound to the chest during the Battle of Columbus. He soon became addicted to the morphine used to ease his pain. In 1866, seeking a cure for his addiction, he began to experiment with painkillers that would serve as morphine-free alternatives to morphine. His first recipe was “Dr. Tuggle’s Compound Syrup of Globe Flower”, in which the active ingredient was derived from the buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), a toxic plant that is common in Alaska. He next began experimenting with coca and coca wines, eventually creating a recipe that contained extracts of kola nut and damiana, which he called Pemberton’s French Wine Coca. According to Coca-Cola historian Phil Mooney, Pemberton’s world-famous soda was “created in Columbus, Georgia and carried to Atlanta”. With public concern about drug addiction, depression, and alcoholism among war veterans, and “neurasthenia” among “highly-strung” Southern women Pemberton’s “medicine” was advertised as particularly beneficial for “ladies, and all those whose sedentary employment causes nervous prostration”. 1886, when Atlanta and Fulton County enacted temperance legislation, Pemberton had to produce a non-alcoholic alternative to his French Wine Coca. Pemberton relied on Atlanta drugstore owner-proprietor Willis E. Venable to test, and help him perfect, the recipe for the beverage, which he formulated by trial and error. With Venable’s assistance, Pemberton worked out a set of directions for its preparation. He blended the base syrup with carbonated water by accident when trying to make another glassful of the beverage. Pemberton decided then to sell this as a fountain drink rather than a medicine. Frank Mason Robinson came up with the name “Coca-Cola” for the alliterative sound, which was popular among other wine medicines of the time. Although the name refers to the two main ingredients, because of controversy over its cocaine content, The Coca-Cola Company later said that the name was “meaningless but fanciful”. Robinson’s hand wrote the Spencerian script on the bottles and ads. Pemberton made many health claims for his product, touting it as a “valuable brain tonic” that would cure headaches, relieve exhaustion, and calm nerves, and marketed it as “delicious, refreshing, pure joy, exhilarating”, and “invigorating” .A sign in Knoxville, Georgia, commemorating John Pemberton. Soon after Coca-Cola hit the market, Dr. Pemberton fell ill and nearly bankrupt. Sick and desperate, he began selling rights to his formula to his business partners in Atlanta. Part of his motivation to sell was that he still suffered from expensive continuing morphine addiction. Pemberton had a hunch that his formula “someday will be a national drink”, so he attempted to retain a share of the ownership to leave to his son. However, Pemberton’s son wanted the money, so in 1888, Pemberton and his son sold the remaining portion of the patent to a fellow Atlanta pharmacist, Asa Griggs Candler, for US$1,750. The grave of John Pemberton in Columbus, Georgia. John Pemberton died from stomach cancer at age 57 in August 1888. At the time of his death, he also suffered from poverty and addiction to morphine. His body was returned to Columbus, Georgia, where he was buried at Linwood Cemetery. His grave marker is engraved with symbols showing his service in the Confederate Army and his membership as a Freemason. His son Charley continued to sell his father’s formula, but six years later Charles Pemberton died after having become an opium addict.

Louis-Gaston Hébert

Louis-Gaston Hébert 1575-1627 (51) apothicaire, commerçant, cultivateur, Apothicaire, In Paris, a merchant-apothecary, griocer, and a bourgeois de Paris. In Quebec, a farmer and Sieur de Lespinay. First permanet European farmer in Quebec. Arrived in Quebec on 15 July 1617.

History of Classical Ballet

History of Classical Ballet.Ballet is a formalized kind of performance dance, which originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century, and which was further developed in France, England, and Russia as a concert dance form and was brought to France by Catherine de’ Medici in the 16th Century. Catherine de’ Medici (1519, Florence, Italy (D) 1589, Château Royal de Blois, Blois, France age 70. She was an Italian noblewoman. She also was queen consort of France from 1547 until 1559, by marriage to King Henry II, (m. 1533–1559)and mother of kings Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III. Ballet may have been invented in Italy and France but it was refined and invigorated in Russia. It developed in the 18th century Moscow and St. Petersburg in dance schools, some of which were associated with orphanages. The first ballet performed by Russians was performed in 1673. Ballet originally came to Russia in the 1700s when Peter the Great instituted his Westernization program, replacing traditional Russian folk dances with ballet from France. Through centralized planning and organization by Catherine the Great, the country built ballet schools and theaters in Moscow and St. Petersburg.The Top Classical Ballet Companies in the WorldBolshoi Ballet Moscow RussiaMariinsky Ballet.St Petersburg RussiaThe Australian Ballet Melbourne, AustraliaDutch National Ballet Amsterdam, NetherlandAmerican Ballet Theatre New York City NYTeatro La Scala Milan Italy National Ballet of Canada Toronto, Ontario.The Royal Ballet Covent Garden, London, England.There are Seven types of ballet styles.Classical Ballet, Romantic Ballet, Neoclassical Ballet, Contemporary Ballet, The Vaganova Method, The Cecchetti method, The Bournonville Method.The Seven Movements of DanceTourner [toor-NAY] – “to turn around”Élancer [ay-lahn-SAY] -“to dart.””The 7 Movements of Dancing.” Everyday Ballet. …Étendre [ay-TAHN-druh] -“to stretch”Relever [ruhl-VAY] – “to rise””How to Have Correct Ballet Placement & Postural Alignment.” Ballet RSS. …Glisser [glee-SAY] -“to glide”Plier [plee-AY]- “to bend”The Top Most Famous Ballerinas and Male Dancers in the World!Anna Palova St. Petersburg, Russia. …Galina Ulanova. St Petersburg, Russia.Misty Copeland USAAlicia Markova UKAllegra Kent USAMikhail Baryshnikov. RussiaCarlos Acosta CubaRudolf Nureyev. RussiaCatherine de’ Medici ( 1519, Florence, Italy (D) 1589, Château Royal de Blois, Blois, France age 70LikeComment

A BRIEF HISTORY OF TROUSERS

• 

A BRIEF HISTORY OF TROUSERS Trousers have been worn in the Western world since ancient times. They are now the most common form of lower-body clothing for men. Practical and comfortable, there’s no wonder that they’ve been adopted by both sexes as part of their everyday dress. Trousers were first invented because robes are uncomfortable to wear on horseback. In fact, those who wore trousers in battle had the upper hand over those who wore robes. For this reason, civilizations all over the world adopted this form of dress to survive battle. The first recorded reports of trousers were made by sixth century BC Greek geographers. They noted the appearance of Persian, Eastern and Central Asian horse riders. The comfort they provided from extended periods on horseback made trousers a practical choice. Images of male and female horse riders wearing trousers can be found on ancient ceramics. You can see an example of this on the vase to the left, depicting an Amazon woman. But the Ancient Greeks snubbed the garment, finding them ridiculous. They nicknamed them ‘thulakos,’ meaning ‘sacks’. The irony of how silly togas look was clearly lost on them! Subsequently, the Romans (who held the Greeks in high esteem) rebuffed them as well. They considered them as garments worn by barbarians. But as the empire spread further around the world, trousers gained more popularity. They couldn’t deny the warmth and practicality that trousers offered them. The Changing Shape of Trousers Initially, trousers were a military garment. They came in the form of snug shorts or loose fitting trousers that closed at the ankles. In the late 14th century, they developed into tight trousers with attached foot coverings. This garment had the appearance of hose and was worn by knights underneath plate Armour. By 1500, proportions becoming more and more exaggerated. Trousers were voluminous, ballooning over the thighs and nipping in at the ankle. They were made from ornate cloth, featuring slashes to reveal the colorful lining underneath. Eventually, these trousers were slimmed down into simple breeches that fastened at the knee. But, these were later dropped in favor of the ankle length trousers worn by the working class. It was only during the 19th century that we started to see trousers like the ones we wear today. They were a looser fit with a button fly, worn in neutral colors. It was Edward VII, the eldest son of Queen Victoria, who set the trend for trousers as we know them today. He was also the figure who took trousers creases into the mainstream. The History of Women in Trousers Despite being worn by both sexes in ancient times, trousers were a “masculine” garment for hundreds of years. Instead, women wore long, voluminous skirts. But, in the nineteenth century, women started wearing a form of trousers again. These were worn only for horse riding, although they wore full skirts on top of them to keep them hidden. By the 1880s, women in the West finally started wearing trousers for leisure activities. They were safer to wear when cycling, as the trousers were far less likely to get caught in the wheels. They also allowed greater freedom of movement. Additionally, they were considered healthier to wear than the cumbersome skirts they usually wore. Yet, despite their increasing popularity, trousers weren’t considered acceptable women’s attire until the 1970s. In fact, in some places, it was illegal for women to wear trousers! These days, trousers are worn by women for all occasions without any masculine connotations. A fly-fronted paletot-coat 1903 A paletot is a French topcoat etymologically derived from the Middle English word paltok, meaning a kind of jacket. It is a semi-fitted to fitted coat with peaked lapels, a flat back and no belt. Its double-breasted 6×2 button arrangement has top buttons placed wider, and they are not buttoned. Please note that “fly” refers not to the zipper but to the piece of fabric that covers the zipper. Trousers have varied historically in whether or not they have flies. Originally, trousers did not have flies or other openings, being pulled down for sanitary functions. The use of a codpiece, is a covering flap or pouch that attaches to the front of the crotch of men’s trousers, enclosing the genital area. It may be held closed by string ties, buttons, folds, or other methods. It was an important fashion item of European clothing during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This A codpiece is a covering flap or pouch that attaches to the front of the crotch of men’s trousers, enclosing the genital area. It may be held closed by string ties, buttons, folds, or other methods. It was an important fashion item of European clothing during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It, became popular in 16th-century Europe, eventually evolving into an attached fall-front (or broad fall). The fly-front (split fall) emerged later. “Fly,” derived from the Old English “flowan” (to flow), has acquired many meanings over the centuries, e.g., a winged insect, a baseball hit high into the air, the space above a theater stage and a late-1960s word for “cool. “Fly” also came to mean “something attached by one edge,” like a flag or banner flying from a rope or pole. With this meaning in mind, 19th-century tailors used the term “fly” for a flap of cloth attached at one end to cover an opening in a garment. Interestingly, “fly” seems to be used exclusively for the opening on Men.

Gwen Ifill on November 14, 2016, died, at age 61. According to CNN, she spent her final days at a Washington, D.C. hospice, surrounded by family and friends. American journalist 1955, Queens, N.Y-died, Washington, D.C. She was a prominent TV political reporter who was admired for her evenhanded integrity, toughness, and thoughtfulness. Sherrilyn Ifill 56 is a cousin of the late PBS News Hour anchor Gwen Ifill. Their family immigrated to the U.S. from Barbados, with Sherrilyn and Gwen Ifill’s fathers, who were brothers, both becoming African Methodist Episcopal ministers.

Wine from Spain

• 

• 

Spain, by reason of its climate and poor soil, has been amply provided with the vine and olive, and the history of wine-making in Spain goes back to prehistory. There are many legends about the discovery of wine as apart from grape-juice, but its origin, like that of the wheel, is unknown. We know that wine was used and appreciated in the most ancient days of Egypt; indeed, sealed wine jars have been found in Pharaohs tombs in the Valley of the Kings with a dusty viscous kind of mess in them, which is all that remains of the 2000 BCE vintage of the local Cru of Cleopatra or Clos de Ptolemies. Although the early Iberian civilizations were not comparable with the Egyptian, no doubt wine was made throughout the length and breadth of Spain in the earliest days. Certainly, the Phoenicians,(Syria, Lebanon northern Israel. and Jordan) who were the first settlers in Spain and who were knowledgeable about wines, could well have improved methods of viniculture. There were Greek settlements too in Spain, and no doubt there would be exchanges of ideas between all settlers and the local farmers, who have always taken some pride in making good wine. SHERRY Spain’s Claim to Fame Spain (or what came to be Spain) has been a center for winemaking for thousands of years, but it wasn’t until the 13th century that something starting to resemble sherry was first created, thanks to the introduction of the Moorish art of distillation. Sherry is made in the province of Andalucía in Southern Spain, primarily from three towns (Jerez de la Frontera, Puerto de Santa Maria and Sanlucar de Barrameda), which form the Andalucían Triangle. Palomino grapes — the principal varietal used to make sherry — thrive in the heat and humidity of Southern Spain and grow in white, chalky soil known as albariza. The other two soil types important to sherry-making grapes are Barros (which is very high in clay) and arenas (a sandy soil). The region’s incredibly dry and sunny climate, as well as coastal breezes of the Atlantic Ocean, also contributes to the well-being of the grapes .moscatel and Pedro Ximenez grapes are added too. Dry sherries such as Manzanilla and fino are made from the first pressing of ripened palomino grapes. Sherry makers ferment the juice in stainless steel until it reaches 11 to 12% ABV, then pour it into casks and fortify with destilado, a neutral spirit distilled from grapes. Sweet sherry, on the other hand, is made from Moscatel and Pedro Ximenez grapes, which growers leave on the vine to raisin and develop high concentrations of sugar. Sherry makers juice these raisins to create a rich, dark liquid, which they let ferment briefly before fortifying it and aging it in casks, much like dry sherries. Sherry is barrel-aged by the solera system. Producers stack barrels of sherry in a pyramid structure, with the younger sherries on the top of the stack and the older sherries at the bottom. When sherry makers bottle, they use samples from the entire pyramid of barrels, creating a multi-vintage blend. They then top the older barrels off with newer sherry. Sherry is a classic wine which has existed for centuries, long before the introduction of any legal mechanisms to protect industrial property and has constantly had to fight several attempts to usurp its name. In fact, many other countries have tried to equate the name Jerez and its English version Sherry with a type of wine rather than recognize it as a denomination of origin. Type’s of Sherry Fino. Manzanilla. Amontillado. Palo Cortado. Oloroso.Pedro Ximénez.Moscatel.Medium / Pale Cream / Cream. Sherry, the civilized drink. W. Somerset Maugham When it comes to Spanish wine law, the first conundrum to tackle is that it is not a strict mirror image of French wine law, as is so often erroneously stated. Changes to legally binding aging requirements may have been prompted when some of Spain’s wine laws had to be rewritten in anticipation of the country’s entry into the European Community (EC) in 1986. The following terms meant to connote quality, Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva, offer only a guarantee of time in oak barrels. Theoretically, Reservas and Gran Reservas are supposed to better wine because they have been chosen for extended aging. But they are not necessarily richer or more powerful wines. Indeed, they may be less powerful wines precisely because they have been aged a long time in a barrel. Rioja and Ribera del Duero, require that Crianza wines be aged a minimum of two years with one year must be in the barrel. Rioja Reserva wines must be aged a minimum of three years, with one year in the barrel. Gran Reserva wines must be five years old before release, and two years in the barrel. represent some of the greatest values in the wine world. No other regions offer similarly aged wines at these prices. Comparing 10-year-old or even 15-year-old wines from Napa Valley or Bordeaux, are prohibitively expensive, whether purchased from the wineries, châteaux, or auction houses.

Transalpine Gaul

Transalpine Gaul, meaning literally “Gaul on the other side of the Alps” or “Gaul across the Alps”, is approximately modern Belgium, France, and Switzerland, in what would become the Roman provinces of Gallia Narbonensis, Gallia Celtica (later Lugdunensis and Aquitania) and Gallia Belgica. The Roman province of Gaul (Gallia) included both Celtic-speaking and non-Celtic-speaking tribes. Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes. List of peoples of Gaul (with their capitals/major settlements):Gaul, in this context, signifies only what the Romans, from their perspective, termed Transalpine Gaul (Gallia Transalpina, or “Gaul Across the Alps”). Broadly, it comprised all lands from the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean coast of modern France to the English Channel and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Rhine River and the western Alps. The Romans knew a second Gaul, Cisalpine Gaul (Gallia Cisalpina, or “Gaul

A BRIEF HISTORY OF TROUSERS

Trousers have been worn in the Western world since ancient times. They are now the most common form of lower-body clothing for men. Practical and comfortable, there’s no wonder that they’ve been adopted by both sexes as part of their everyday dress. Trousers were first invented because robes are uncomfortable to wear on horseback. In fact, those who wore trousers in battle had the upper hand over those who wore robes. For this reason, civilizations all over the world adopted this form of dress to survive battle. The first recorded reports of trousers were made by sixth century BC Greek geographers. They noted the appearance of Persian, Eastern and Central Asian horse riders. The comfort they provided from extended periods on horseback made trousers a practical choice. Images of male and female horse riders wearing trousers can be found on ancient ceramics. You can see an example of this on the vase to the left, depicting an Amazon woman. But the Ancient Greeks snubbed the garment, finding them ridiculous. They nicknamed them ‘thulakos,’ meaning ‘sacks’. The irony of how silly togas look was clearly lost on them! Subsequently, the Romans (who held the Greeks in high esteem) rebuffed them as well. They considered them as garments worn by barbarians. But as the empire spread further around the world, trousers gained more popularity. They couldn’t deny the warmth and practicality that trousers offered them. The Changing Shape of Trousers Initially, trousers were a military garment. They came in the form of snug shorts or loose fitting trousers that closed at the ankles. In the late 14th century, they developed into tight trousers with attached foot coverings. This garment had the appearance of hose and was worn by knights underneath plate Armour. By 1500, proportions becoming more and more exaggerated. Trousers were voluminous, ballooning over the thighs and nipping in at the ankle. They were made from ornate cloth, featuring slashes to reveal the colorful lining underneath. Eventually, these trousers were slimmed down into simple breeches that fastened at the knee. But, these were later dropped in favor of the ankle length trousers worn by the working class.It was only during the 19th century that we started to see trousers like the ones we wear today. They were a looser fit with a button fly, worn in neutral colors. It was Edward VII, the eldest son of Queen Victoria, who set the trend for trousers as we know them today. He was also the figure who took trousers creases into the mainstream. The History of Women in Trousers Despite being worn by both sexes in ancient times, trousers were a “masculine” garment for hundreds of years. Instead, women wore long, voluminous skirts. But, in the nineteenth century, women started wearing a form of trousers again. These were worn only for horse riding, although they wore full skirts on top of them to keep them hidden. By the 1880s, women in the West finally started wearing trousers for leisure activities. They were safer to wear when cycling, as the trousers were far less likely to get caught in the wheels. They also allowed greater freedom of movement. Additionally, they were considered healthier to wear than the cumbersome skirts they usually wore. Yet, despite their increasing popularity, trousers weren’t considered acceptable women’s attire until the 1970s. In fact, in some places, it was illegal for women to wear trousers! These days, trousers are worn by women for all occasions without any masculine connotations. A fly-fronted paletot-coat 1903 A paletot is a French topcoat etymologically derived from the Middle English word paltok, meaning a kind of jacket. It is a semi-fitted to fitted coat with peaked lapels, a flat back and no belt. Its double-breasted 6×2 button arrangement has top buttons placed wider, and they are not buttoned. Please note that “fly” refers not to the zipper but to the piece of fabric that covers the zipper. Trousers have varied historically in whether or not they have flies. Originally, trousers did not have flies or other openings, being pulled down for sanitary functions. The use of a codpiece, is a covering flap or pouch that attaches to the front of the crotch of men’s trousers, enclosing the genital area. It may be held closed by string ties, buttons, folds, or other methods. It was an important fashion item of European clothing during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This A codpiece is a covering flap or pouch that attaches to the front of the crotch of men’s trousers, enclosing the genital area. It may be held closed by string ties, buttons, folds, or other methods. It was an important fashion item of European clothing during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It, became popular in 16th-century Europe, eventually evolving into an attached fall-front (or broad fall). The fly-front (split fall) emerged later. “Fly,” derived from the Old English “flowan” (to flow), has acquired many meanings over the centuries, e.g., a winged insect, a baseball hit high into the air, the space above a theater stage and a late-1960s word for “cool.” “Fly” also came to mean “something attached by one edge,” like a flag or banner flying from a rope or pole. With this meaning in mind, 19th-century tailors used the term “fly” for a flap of cloth attached at one end to cover an opening in a garment. Interestingly, “fly” seems to be used exclusively for the opening on Men.

The more popular cheeses

The more popular cheeses shown / La plus populaire des fromages Cheeses from France traditionally, there are from 350 to 450 distinct types of French cheese de France fromages montré traditionnellement, il y a de 350 à 450 types de fromages français.

KINGS DAUGHTRS (Part 1)

• 

• 

KINGS DAUGHTRS (Part 1) My Great grandmother many generations back in time Margarite Samson 1649-1721- Married 1672 age 23 Sorel New France (Quebec) to the 28 year old Soldier Jean Beaugrand dit Champagne my great grandfather 1641-1699 died at the age 58 she died age 72 L’ile Dupas they had 3 children.1. JEAN-BAPTISTE2 BEAUGRAND, DIT CHAMPAGNE, n. vers 1671; d. 23 septembre 1730, Berthier- en-Haut.2. CHARLES BEAUGRAND, n. 16 février 1673, Sorel.3. MARIE BEAUGRAND, n. 27 juillet 1675, Sorel. My great-grandmother had to go through this process at that time for fear of not having a husband and designated for a population expander (if there is such a word for being fertile)French law was pretty much that of a chattel. It was almost impossible, for instance, for her to regain her freedom. Infidelity on a husband’s part was not acceptable as an excuse. Only if he beat her with a stick thicker than his wrist could she claim the right of separation. The life of the colony, little more than at a sale of livestock The girls would be dressed (shown above) in their best; but their best, poor forlorn waifs, would not be very gay or suitable. Some undoubtedly would have nothing to wear but the cardinal cloaks they had used on the sea voyage, with the hoods folded back. The preference seems to have been most decidedly for peasant girls because they were healthy and industrious. Girls from the cities did not prove as satisfactory; they were inclined to be lightheaded, lazy, and sometimes sluttish, and the sturdy young habitants had no desire for wives of that type even though they might be prettier and trimmer than the broad-beamed candidates from the farms. The ships carrying the filles du roi would travel up the Saint Lawrence River, stopping first at Québec, then at Trois-Rivières, and lastly at Montréal. Because the prettiest of the girls would have the easiest time finding a husband, many of the immigrants settled in Québec, the first port of call. The plumpest girls were taken first as the bachelors wanted healthy partners who could be depended on to do their share, or a little more, of the work. A bad complexion or a squint could be overlooked if the figure was buxom. The truth might as well be stated at once: there was little of romance in the coming of the King’s Girls and their absorption into the program was a resounding success. It was reported that in 1670, most of the girls who had arrived the previous year, 1669, were already pregnant and by 1671, a total of nearly 700 children were born to the Filles du Roi. The colony was expected to gain population self-sufficiency soon afterward. I would like to have a list of all the women who married a Beaugrand and their families starting from Margarite Samson 1649-1721 up to today 2020 involving thousands, however, I only have my lineage only.